Authors:
P. Srinivasan, K. Arulvendhan, A. Bharathi, Adithi Venkatakrishnan, S. Suman Rajest, M. Mohamed Sameer Ali
Addresses:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Computer Applications (UG), Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Information Technology and Management, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America. Department of Research and Development, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Smart home automation systems have become the need of the hour to develop safer, energy-efficient, and user-sensitive dwelling environments. This paper discusses a robust IoT-based smart home automation system comprising multiple sensors, including a gas sensor, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, an ultrasonic water level sensor, an LDR-based light controller, and a facial recognition module for door access automation. It is powered by an ESP32 microcontroller, enabling sensors and actuators to communicate directly over Wi-Fi. The temperature sensor maintains comfort by automatically controlling ventilation, while the gas sensor enhances domestic security through flammable gas detection and alarming. Lighting is optimised by modulating light intensity based on illumination levels, reducing wasted power. Water levels in the tanks are continuously measured by ultrasonic sensors, with automatic pumping to prevent shortages and overflows. This is complemented by a face recognition module that provides access control by allowing only authorised persons based on real-time image processing. The entire set of sensor readings is gathered and transmitted via an IoT interface to facilitate remote monitoring and manual override via mobile applications. The converged system features a single, smart platform that emphasises maximum convenience, security, and sustainability.
Keywords: ESP32 Controller; DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor; MQ-2 Gas Sensor; DHT22 Temperature Sensor; Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04); IoT Home Automation; Sensor Integration.
Received: 04/12/2024, Revised: 22/01/2025, Accepted: 16/03/2025, Published: 09/12/2025
DOI: 10.64091/ATIEL.2025.000190
AVE Trends in Intelligent Energy Letters, 2025 Vol. 1 No. 2 , Pages: 115-125